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Childhood Diseases

Disease

Symptoms

Treatment

Incubation Period

Isolation Period

Complications

Measles

(Rubeola)

Raised Temperature, runny nose and dry cough, irritated or red eyes, red blotchy rash starts behind the ears and back of neck and then spreads to the face and rest of the body.

Pain and fever medication. Antibiotics will be needed if the chest or ear infection develops. Darkened room to help with the eye irritation. Wipe eyes with clean, previously boiled water. Give plenty of fluids to drink and anything she feels like eating.

10 to 12 days.

Highly contagious.

3 days after the rash disappears.

Ear infection, broncho-pneumonia. In rare cases, encephalitis if not treated.

Mumps

Tenderness or swelling at the angle of the jaw with chills and loss of appetite, followed by a raised temperature. Opening mouth and swallowing is painful. There may be pain in the abdomen if other glands are involved.

Does not respond to antibiotics because it is a virus infection. Treat the fever with paracetamol. Give plenty of fluids and soft food. A hot compress over the swelling is soothing.

14 to 21 days.

9 Days after swelling has subsided.

Swollen and painful testicles. Avoid contact with adult males who have not had the illness as it could cause sterility. Deafness. Encephalitis.

German Measles (Rubella)

A flat pink pinhead rash on the forehead, behind the ears and on the trunk is often the first sign. Slight temperature and listlessness may be present. May appear to have cold and enlarged glands in the back of the neck. The rash may disappear by the third day.

Pain and fever relieving medication such as paracetamol.

14 to 21 days (Usually 18 days after contact)

Seven day after appearance of rash.

Avoid contact with pregnant women who have not been protected against the disease as it could cause damage to the unborn fetus. Encephalitis.

Chicken Pox

(Varicella)

Raised temperature and feeling ill for a day or two before the rash appears. Small itchy red spots, first on the face and then predominantly on the trunk. Later they may develop into blisters and form crusts.

Calamine lotion to soothe the rash. An antihistamine may help the child to sleep. Pain and fever relieving medication. Half a cupful of bicarbonate of soda added to the bath water should also relieve itching.

14 to 17 days.

Until the crusts form or scabs fall off.

Infections of the sores from scratching

Disease	Symptoms	Treatment	Incubation Period	Isolation Period	Complications
Measles (Rubeola)	Raised Temperature, runny nose and dry cough, irritated or red eyes, red blotchy rash starts behind the ears and back of neck and then spreads to the face and rest of the body.	Pain and fever medication. Antibiotics will be needed if the chest or ear infection develops. Darkened room to help with the eye irritation. Wipe eyes with clean, previously boiled water. Give plenty of fluids to drink and anything she feels like eating.	10 to 12 days. Highly contagious.	3 days after the rash disappears.	Ear infection, broncho-pneumonia. In rare cases, encephalitis if not treated.
Mumps	Tenderness or swelling at the angle of the jaw with chills and loss of appetite, followed by a raised temperature. Opening mouth and swallowing is painful. There may be pain in the abdomen if other glands are involved.	Does not respond to antibiotics because it is a virus infection. Treat the fever with paracetamol. Give plenty of fluids and soft food. A hot compress over the swelling is soothing.	14 to 21 days.	9 Days after swelling has subsided.	Swollen and painful testicles. Avoid contact with adult males who have not had the illness as it could cause sterility. Deafness. Encephalitis.
German Measles (Rubella)	A flat pink pinhead rash on the forehead, behind the ears and on the trunk is often the first sign. Slight temperature and listlessness may be present. May appear to have cold and enlarged glands in the back of the neck. The rash may disappear by the third day.	Pain and fever relieving medication such as paracetamol.	14 to 21 days (Usually 18 days after contact)	Seven day after appearance of rash.	Avoid contact with pregnant women who have not been protected against the disease as it could cause damage to the unborn fetus. Encephalitis.
Chicken Pox (Varicella)	Raised temperature and feeling ill for a day or two before the rash appears. Small itchy red spots, first on the face and then predominantly on the trunk. Later they may develop into blisters and form crusts.	Calamine lotion to soothe the rash. An antihistamine may help the child to sleep. Pain and fever relieving medication. Half a cupful of bicarbonate of soda added to the bath water should also relieve itching.	14 to 17 days.	Until the crusts form or scabs fall off.	Infections of the sores from scratching